Peretinoin is an oral acyclic retinoid with a vitamin A-like structure that targets retinoid nuclear receptors such as retinoid X receptor (RXR) and retinoic acid receptor (RAR) . Peretinoin reduces the mRNA level of sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1) in vitro by downregulating a transcription factor, Sp1 [1] . Peretinoin prevents the progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) through activating the autophagy pathway by increased Atg16L1 expression [2] . Peretinoin inhibits HCV RNA amplification and virus release by altering lipid metabolism with a EC 50 of 9 µM [3] .
